Saturday, February 23, 2019

Insanity versus the business cycle

https://www.britannica.com/event/Dark-Ages
From Encyclopedia Britannica, a paragraph on the time between the fall of Rome and the rise of feudalism in Europe. Approximately two thirds of the paragraph is dedicated to a description of the time and place. That's history. The rest of the paragraph is given over to instructing the reader to avoid saying things that someone might possibly presume could be imagined to be offensive to a person who lived in that bygone era. That's insanity. And then, the link to the site calls that time and place the Dark Ages. That's funny.


Dark Ages (historiography)Early Middle Ages

Dark Ages (historiography)

This article is about the history of the concept. For a history of the period, see Early Middle Ages.

Early Middle Ages

The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages, that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.
The period saw a continuation of trends evident since late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, a small rise in global warming and increased migration.
We are told that the term "Dark Ages" is unsatisfactory because it implies it asserts "demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration". We are also told that the Early Middle Ages actually saw population decline and a decline of trade. But "a decline of trade" IS economic deterioration. And "population decline" IS demographic deterioration. So where's the problem?

In addition, they go too far by using the word "asserts". Implies is the most one could say.

What I really don't understand is the attempt to prevent anyone from saying that things might be better now, or 100 years ago, or in the year 1200 for crying out loud, better than things were in the Early Middle Ages. The Early Middle Ages -- the Dark Age -- was a recession in the massive business cycle that I call the Cycle of Civilization.

Things are better in the boom than the recession. That's a given.
The term employs traditional light-versus-darkness imagery to contrast the era's "darkness" (lack of records) with earlier and later periods of "light" (abundance of records). The concept of a "Dark Age" originated in the 1330s with the Italian scholar Petrarch, who regarded the post-Roman centuries as "dark" compared to the light of classical antiquity. The phrase "Dark Age" itself derives from the Latin saeculum obscurum, originally applied by Caesar Baronius in 1602 to a tumultuous period in the 10th and 11th centuries. The concept thus came to characterize the entire Middle Ages as a time of intellectual darkness between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance; this became especially popular during the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment.
The Early Middle Ages was labelled the "Dark Ages" in the 19th century, a characterization based on the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time.
It seems that our lack of knowledge about that period is the only acceptable meaning for the word dark in the label "the Dark Ages". If this is true, then it is our knowledge that is dark, not that age of trade and population decline. However, if there was a "relative scarcity of literary and cultural output" from that time, as the Early Middle Ages article states, it's not correct to say that our lack of knowledge is the only acceptable meaning.

I'm also not clear now on whether the Early Middle Ages was labelled the "Dark Ages" in the 19th century, or in the 18th when it "became especially popular".


I think of world history in terms of the Cycle of Civilization, an economic cycle similar to the common business cycle and the Kondratieff, but bigger and slower moving. This makes economic forces the most significant factor in human history, which is in my view how it should be.

Try it sometime.

7 comments:

The Arthurian said...

I have this summary from Somervell's two-volume abridgement of Arnold J. Toynbee's A Study of History:

Interregnum, 375-675
Western I ('Dark Ages'), 675 - 1075.
Western II ('Middle Ages'), 1075 - 1475.
Western III ('Modern'), 1475 - 1875.
Western IV ('Post-Modern'?), 1875 - ?

The Arthurian said...

"The six centuries following the downfall of the Roman Empire were for Europe a period of intellectual stagnation."
-- from Monetary Theory before Adam Smith by Arthur Eli Monroe, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economics, Harvard University
(c) 1923 by Harvard University Press

Parrots in the wild don't speak English.

The Arthurian said...

Reading Michael Leddy: Eva Brann on Teaching. Leddy quotes Brann:

"I think of myself ... as one of a company of curators of a community of learning"
and
"A community of learning is people together in one place talking to each other about that which has gone out of time and beyond place."

He says:

"See also Michael Oakeshott on education as emancipation from “the immediate contingencies of place and time of birth”".

In my words, sounds like education allows us to know more than just the current and the local.

Education, then, allows us to avoid or escape something that the Encyclopedia Britannica doesn't want us to think of as "a period of intellectual darkness".

That's what a Dark Age is, though.

The Arthurian said...

3.2 The Middle Ages: For almost a thousand years there are no statistics for either commodity prices or interest rates. -- Anna J. Schwartz

For almost a thousand years, no statistics for either commodity prices or interest rates.

But don't call that a dark age.

The Arthurian said...

Wikipedia:

"Linear B, found mainly in the palace archives at Knossos, Cydonia,[2] Pylos, Thebes and Mycenae,[3] disappeared with the fall of Mycenaean civilization during the Late Bronze Age collapse. The succeeding period, known as the Greek Dark Ages, provides no evidence of the use of writing."

The succeeding period, known as the Greek Dark Ages, provides no evidence of the use of writing.

But don't call that a dark age. WTF

The Arthurian said...

From the New World Encyclopedia: Merovingian Dynasty

"There exists a limited number of contemporary sources for the history of the Merovingian Franks..."

They list three sources. Then:

"Aside from these chronicles, the only surviving reservoires of historiography are letters, capitularies, and the like... though relatively few letters survive."

And "Finally, archaeological evidence cannot be ignored ..." such as "Childeric I's tomb" and "the sepulchre of Clotaire I's second wife". And that's it.

Not dark?

The Arthurian said...

See also: Were There Dark Ages? by Scott Alexander.